RESUMO
Introducción. Varios aspectos en el adulto mayor deterioran su calidad de vida, como son las relaciones familiares y de amigos, la soledad e, incluso, el mismo centro geriátrico. Objetivo. Explorar las condiciones asociadas con la calidad de vida de los ancianos en hogares geriátricos. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal de 276 ancianos de 39 Centros de Bienestar del Anciano de Medellín. Se excluyeron aquellos con grave deterioro cognitivo y los que no residían de forma permanente en la institución. La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante el World Health OrganizationQuality of Life of Older Adults (WHOQOL-OLD) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud; se utilizaron la escala de depresión de Yesavage, la de ansiedad de Goldberg, la de funcionalidad de Pfeffer, la minivaloración nutricional y, además, se evaluaron aspectos demográficos y sociales. La información se analizó con pruebas U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, la correlación de Pearson y un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados. El 59,4 % eran mujeres, la edad promedio fue de 79,2 ± 8,0 años, 71 % se consideraron independientes para realizar actividades de la vida diaria, 45,7 % presentaba sintomatología depresiva y 33 % mostraron riesgo de ansiedad, 28,3 % deterioro funcional y, 54,3 %, posible malnutrición. Se encontró una asociación negativa con la calidad de vida el ser mujer, presentar diabetes, altos puntaje sen las escalas de capacidad funcional, depresión y ansiedad; el ir voluntariamente a la institución mostró una asociación positiva. Conclusión. Se halló deterioro en la calidad de vida cuando las condiciones de funcionalidad y autonomía limitaban la realización de actividades de la vida diaria, agravado por el hecho de ser mujer, tener sintomatología depresiva y de ansiedad, y sentirse maltratado por sus familiares.
Introduction. Many factors contribute to the deteriorating quality of life of elderly people living in care institutions. Some of these problems are a consequence of few contacts with relatives and friends, and being alone with a feeling of isolation. Objective. The conditions of quality of life are explored for elderly people living in care institutions. Materials and methods. In a cross sectional study, 276 subjects were selected from 39 long term institutions located in the city of Medellín, Colombia. The sex ratio was female: male 60:40% with a mean age of 79.2±8.0. Elderly subjects with cognitive problems or not living in the institution were excluded. The World Health Organization Quality of Life of Older Adults (WHOQOL-OLD) questionnaire was applied; in additional, capacity and cognitive functional scales of Pfeffer, the anxiety scale of Goldberg, and the Geriatric Depression Scale of Yesavage were administered. Mininutritional assessment scalesand complementary questionnaires about demographics, health perception, social support system were also included. The information was analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression method. Results. Most (71%) considered themselves autonomous for undertaking daily, habitual activities. Other statistics included the following: 45.7% with depression, 33.0% with anxiety, 28.3% with functional problems, and 54.3% at risk of malnutrition. A negative quality-of-life assessment was associated with the following factors: female, diabetes, depression, anxiety and high functional capacity. A positive quality-of-life assessment was associated with individuals who voluntarily came to the institution. Conclusion. Quality of life for elderly people living in care institutions can become deteriorated when they are not capable to do the usual activities necessary for daily living. Exacerbating factors included sex, symptoms of depression, anxiety, or perceived mistreatment by their families.
Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Institucionalização , Qualidade de Vida , Colômbia , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Many factors contribute to the deteriorating quality of life of elderly people living in care institutions. Some of these problems are a consequence of few contacts with relatives and friends, and being alone with a feeling of isolation. OBJECTIVE: The conditions of quality of life are explored for elderly people living in care institutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cross sectional study, 276 subjects were selected from 39 long term institutions located in the city of Medellín, Colombia. The sex ratio was female: male 60:40% with a mean age of 79.2 ± 8.0. Elderly subjects with cognitive problems or not living in the institution were excluded. The World Health Organization Quality of Life of Older Adults (WHOQOL-OLD) questionnaire was applied; in additional, capacity and cognitive functional scales of Pfeffer, the anxiety scale of Goldberg, and the Geriatric Depression Scale of Yesavage were administered. Mininutritional assessment scales and complementary questionnaires about demographics, health perception, social support system were also included. The information was analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression method. RESULTS: Most (71%) considered themselves autonomous for undertaking daily, habitual activities. Other statistics included the following: 45.7% with depression, 33.0% with anxiety, 28.3% with functional problems, and 54.3% at risk of malnutrition. A negative quality-of-life assessment was associated with the following factors: female, diabetes, depression, anxiety and high functional capacity. A positive quality-of-life assessment was associated with individuals who voluntarily came to the institution. CONCLUSION: Quality of life for elderly people living in care institutions can become deteriorated when they are not capable to do the usual activities necessary for daily living. Exacerbating factors included sex, symptoms of depression, anxiety, or perceived mistreatment by their families.
